If fur colour in mice is caused by the following: B = black and b = brown, choose the genotype for the organism which will have brown fur.
BB
bB
bb
Either (a) or (b)
What is the name for the diagram one draws in genetics problems to determine the types of offspring produced by crossing two parents?
Karyotype
Matrix
xvsy graph
Punnett square
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is a genetic disorder in which the afflicted individual
inherits one more gene than normal
inherits one less gene than normal
inherits one extra chromosome 21
inherits one less chromosome 21
Assume that in mice, B = black fur, b = brown fur. If a heterozygous black mouse mates with a homozygous brown mouse, what per cent of their offspring will have black fur?
25%
50%
75%
100%
If Mendel had chosen more than seven traits in his plants, he might have run into some confusing results regarding
the phenomenon of dominance
the law of segregation
the law of independent assortment
All of the above
A codominance cross between a homozygous red and a homozygous white snapdragons produces
plants with 50% red and 50% white flowers
plants with red flowers
plants with pink flowers
plants with sterile flowers
In Mendel's garden peas, the tall allele (D) is dominant over the dwarf allele (d) and the green pod allele is dominant (Y) over the yellow pod allele (y). What is the genotype of a heterozygous tall,homozygous green pod pea plant?
DdYy
DDYY
DdYY
DDYy
In Mendel's garden peas, the tall allele (D) is dominant over the dwarf allele (d) and the pod colour allele (Y) is dominant over the yellow pod (y). What is the genotype of a heterozygous tall,heterozygous green pod pea plant?
DDYY
DdYy
DdYY
DDYy
A recessive gene can be expressed if the genotype is
homozygous recessive
homozygous dominant
heterozygous
Both (homozygous dominant) and (heterozygous)
A chestnut coloured horse crossed with a white coloured horse results in a palomino coat colour. This is an example of ......... inheritance.
dominant
recessive
codominant
corecessive
Why was Mendel fairly certain that he had a pure-bred variety when he collected seeds from a pea plant?
The flower is self-pollinating in these plants.
Peas bear a large number of "offspring".
Because the varieties are so distinctive.
He maintained extremely accurate records.
If an organism with the genotype Ww is crossed with a Ww organism, what would be the proportion of offspring that would be heterozygous?
1/4
1/2
3/4
All would be heterozygous.
If genes are not linked, a genotype of PpRr can produce ......... different kinds of gametes
1
2
3
4
In humans, brown eyes (B) is dominant over blue eyes (b). A brown-eyed man marries a blue-eyed woman. The possible eye colours of their children would be
all brown
all blue
half brown
Insufficient information
Mendel's law of segregation states that
two factors for the same trait separate in the production of gametes
two different traits will be inherited independently of each other
gametes are produced by meiosis
All of the these
If an individual has a recessive phenotype for a given trait, the genotype must be
heterozygous
homozygous recessive
homozygous dominant
either homozygous recessive or heterozygous
What would be the genotype of a plant that was homozygous for the dominant trait of axial flowers?
AA
Aa
aa
Cannot be determined
What is the phenotypic ratio of the cross homozygous dominant X homozygous dominant?
1 : 2
4 : 0
2 : 2
3 : 1
How many different genotypes are possible from a cross between the parents RR and rr?
4
1
3
2
What would be the phenotype of a pea plant of genotype Tt, where T is the allele for tall and t is the allele for short?
Short
Tall
Medium
Unknown
What would the parent's genotypes be if both were heterozygous for flower colour? (purple-W, white-w)
1 : 2 : 1
3 : 1
1 : 1 : 1
4 : 0
What would be the genotype of a pea plant of genotype Tt, where T is the allele for tall and t is the allele for short?
4 : 0
1 : 2
2 : 2
3 : 1
One reason for Mendel's success was that...
he repeated his experiments many times
he used carefully controlled experiments
he used plants with easily observable traits
All of the above
What would the parent's genotypes be if both were heterozygous for flower colour? (purple-W, white-w)
ww and ww
Ww and Ww
WW and WW
WW and ww
What phenotypes are possible from the cross, round seeded plant X wrinkled seeded plats?
All round
Round and wrinkled
All wrinkled
Slightly wrinkled
Which of the following gives the correct order of stages in mitosis?
Metaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase
Telophase, anaphase, prophase, metaphase
Metaphase, prophase, anaphase, telophase
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
The molecules on the red blood cell membranes that make up a person's blood type are
phosphates
lipids
nucleotides
antigens
Which concept is not associated with the work of Gregor Mendel?
Dominance
Independent assortment
Use and disuse
Segregation
Which statement describes the work of Gregor Mendel?
He developed some basic principles of heredity without having knowledge of chromosomes.
He developed the microscope for the study of genes in pea plants.
He explained the principle of dominance on the basis of the gene-chromosome theory.
He used his knowledge of gene mutations to explain the appearance of new traits in organisms.
In guinea pigs, black fur (B) is dominant over white fur (b) and rough fur (R) is dominant over smooth fur (r). A cross between two guinea pigs hybrid for both traits (BbRr x BbRr) produces some offspring that have rough, black fur and some that have smooth, black fur. The genotypes of these offspring illustrate the genetic concept of
intermediate inheritance
multiple alleles
independent assortment
codominance
All of the offspring produced in a cross involving a brown mink and a silver-blue mink are brown. When these brown mink offspring were crossed with each other, the ratio of brown to silver blue was 3:1. The results of these crosses are best explained by
independent assortment and crossing over
codominance, segregation and recombination
dominance, segregation and recombination
recombination and intermediate inheritance
Pea plants heterozygous for both height and colour of seed coat (TtYy) were crossed with pea plants that were homozygous recessive for both traits (ttyy). The offspring from this cross included tall plants with green seeds, tall plants with yellow seeds, short plants with green seeds, and short plants with yellow seeds. This cross best illustrates
gene mutation
independent assortment of chromosomes
environmental influence on heredity
intermediate inheritance
In raccoons, a dark face mask is dominant over a bleached face mask. Several crosses were made between raccoons that were heterozygous or dark face mask and raccoons that were homozygous for bleached face mask. What percentage of the offspring would be expected to have a dark face mask?
0%
50%
75%
100%
When two heterozygous tall plants are crossed, some short plants appear in the offspring. The appearance of these short plants illustrates
segregation and recombination
intermediate inheritance
crossing over and differentiation
codominant inheritance
In squirrels, the gene for grey fur (CG) is dominant over the gene for black fur (g). If 50% of a large litter of squirrels are grey, the parental cross that produced this litter was most likely
GG x Gg
Gg x gg
GG x GG
gg x gg
In a certain species of mouse, grey fur (G) is dominant over cream-coloured fur (g). If a homozygous grey mouse is crossed with a cream-coloured mouse, the genotype of the Fx generation will most likely be
100% Gg
25% GG, 50% Gg and 25% gg
50% GG and 50% gg
75% Gg and 25%gg
Which two processes are best represented by the diagram shown below?
Recombination codominance
Segregation and recombination
Segregation and intermediate inheritance
Codominance and gene linkage
Round seed is dominant over wrinkled seed in pea. If homozygous, round seeded peas are crossed with wrinkled seeded peas, the offspring will be
all round
all wrinkled
50% round + 50% wrinkled
75% round + 25% wrinkled
If heterozygous round seeded pea plants are self-pollinated, the offspring will be
75% round
50% heterozygous
25% aa
All of the above
A man and a woman, both with normal thumbs, have a son with Hitchhiker's thumb. It is likely that ......... is (are) heterozygous.
the son
the man
the woman
both parents
Changes in speech patterns and mental retardation are due to the presence of an extra chromosome 21, the symptom is called
Tay-Sachs
Phenylketonuria
Sickle-cell anaemia
Down syndrome
A decrease in the ability of the blood to carry oxygen due to the presence of abnormal haemoglobin molecules is caused by the altering of one codon in the genome
Tay-Sachs
Phenylketonuria
Sickle-cell anemia
Huntingdon's disease
The inability of the blood to manufacture the enzyme needed for the metabolism of a specific amino acid ingested, is also called
Huntingdon's disease
Tay-sachs
phenylketonuria
phenylenoma
A single change in the sequence of nitrogenous bases in a molecule of deoxyribonucleic acid would most likely result
tetrad formation
polyploidy
non-disjunction
a protein mutation
Which nitrogenous base is normally used in the synthesis of ribonucleic acid but not in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid?
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil
Thymine
In pigeons, checkered pattern is dominant over plain pattern and red colour is dominant over brown. A checkered brown female mated with a plain red male produced 2 checkered red, 2 plain red, and 1 checkered brown offspring. What are the probable genotypes of the parents?
CCRR and ccrr
CcRr and CRrr
CcRr and ccRR
Ccrr and ccRr
Human body (somatic) cells contain ......... chromosomes; and the gametes (sex cells) contain .........chromosomes
23,46
46,23
46, 46
23, 23
How did Mendel's studies in genetics differ from earlier studies of breeding and inheritance?
Mendel worked with plants; earlier studies used animals
Mendel was able to explain the "blending" hypothesis
Mendel's work was more quantitative
Mendel worked with wild species, not the domesticated ones
When looking at the inheritance of a single characteristic, Mendel found that a cross between two true-breeding peas (between purple and white, for example) always yielded a ......... in the F2 generation
1:1 phenotypic ratio
3 : 1 genotypic ratio
1:2:1 phenotypic ratio
3:1 phenotypic ratio
Alternative forms of genes for a particular characteristic are called